Major General Benjamin Lincoln - American Revolution

Benjamin Lincoln (January 24, 1733 - May 9, 1810) was the son of Colonel Benjamin Lincoln and Elizabeth Thaxter Lincoln. Born in Hingham, MA, he was the sixth child and first son of the family, the younger Benjamin benefited from his fathers prominent role in the colony. Working on the familys farm, he attended school locally. In 1754, Lincoln entered public service when he assumed the post of Hingham town constable. A year later, he joined the 3rd Regiment of the Suffolk County militia. His fathers regiment, Lincoln served as adjutant during the French and Indian War. Though he did not see action in the conflict, he attained the rank of major by 1763. Elected a town selectman in 1765, Lincoln became increasingly critical of British policy towards the colonies. Fast Facts: Major General Benjamin Lincoln Known For: Served as a major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, as well as an active politician, notably serving as Secretary of War (1781-1783)Born: January 24, 1733Died: May 9, 1810Spouse: Mary Cushing (m. 1756)Children: 11 Political Life Condemning the Boston Massacre in 1770, Lincoln also encouraged Hingham residents to boycott British goods. Two years later, he earned a promotion to lieutenant colonel in the regiment and won election to the Massachusetts legislature. In 1774, following the Boston Tea Party and passage of the Intolerable Acts, the situation in Massachusetts rapidly changed. That fall, Lieutenant General Thomas Gage, who had been appointed governor by London, dissolved the colonial legislature. Not to be deterred, Lincoln and his fellow legislators reformed the body as the Massachusetts Provincial Congress and continued meeting. In short order, this body became the government for the entire colony except for British-held Boston. Due to his militia experience, Lincoln oversaw committees on military organization and supply. The American Revolution Begins In April 1775, with the Battles of Lexington and Concord and the start of the American Revolution, Lincolns role with the congress expanded as he assumed a position on its executive committee as well as its committee of safety. As the Siege of Boston commenced, he worked to direct supplies and food to the American lines outside the city. With the siege continuing, Lincoln received a promotion in January 1776 to major general in the Massachusetts militia. Following the British evacuation of Boston in March, he focused his attention on improving the colonys coastal defenses and later directed attacks against the remaining enemy warships in the harbor. Having achieved a degree of success in Massachusetts, Lincoln began pressing the colonys delegates to the Continental Congress for a suitable commission in the Continental Army. As he waited, he received a request to bring a brigade of militia south to assist General George Washingtons army in New York. Marching south in September, Lincolns men reached southwest Connecticut when they received orders from Washington to mount a raid across Long Island Sound. As the American position in New York collapsed, new orders arrived directing Lincoln to join Washingtons army as it retreated north. Helping to cover the American withdrawal, he was present at the Battle of White Plains on October 28. With the enlistments of his men expiring, Lincoln returned to Massachusetts later in the fall to aid in raising new units. Later marching south, he took part in operations in the Hudson Valley in January before finally receiving a commission in the Continental Army. Appointed a major general on February 14, 1777, Lincoln reported to Washingtons winter quarters at Morristown, NJ. Battle to the North Placed in command of the American outpost at Bound Brook, NJ, Lincoln came under attack by Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis on April 13. Badly outnumbered and nearly surrounded, he successfully extricated the bulk of his command before retreating. In July, Washington dispatched Lincoln north to aid Major General Philip Schuyler in blocking an offensive south over Lake Champlain by Major General John Burgoyne. Tasked with organizing militia from New England, Lincoln operated from a base in southern Vermont and began planning raids on the British supply lines around Fort Ticonderoga. As he worked to grow his forces, Lincoln clashed with Brigadier General John Stark who refused to subjugate his New Hampshire militia to Continental authority. Operating independently, Stark won a decisive victory over Hessian forces at the Battle of Bennington on August 16. Battle of Saratoga Having built a force of around 2,000 men, Lincoln began moving against Fort Ticonderoga in early September. Sending three 500-man detachments forward, his men attacked on September 19 and captured everything in the area except the fort itself. Lacking siege equipment, Lincolns men withdrew after four days of harassing the garrison. As his men regrouped, orders arrived from Major General Horatio Gates, who had replaced Schuyler in mid-August, requesting that Lincoln bring his men to Bemis Heights. Arriving on September 29, Lincoln found that the first part of the Battle of Saratoga, the Battle of Freemans Farm, had already been fought. In the wake of the engagement, Gates and his chief subordinate, Major General Benedict Arnold, fell out leading to the latters dismissal. In reorganizing his command, Gates ultimately placed Lincoln in command of the armys right. When the second phase of the battle, the Battle of Bemis Heights, began on October 7, Lincoln remained in command of the American defenses while other elements of the army advanced to meet the British. As the fighting intensified, he directed reinforcements forward. The following day, Lincoln led a reconnaissance force forward and was wounded when a musket ball shattered his right ankle. Taken south to Albany for treatment, he then returned to Hingham to recover. Out of action for ten months, Lincoln rejoined Washingtons army in August 1778. During his convalescence, he had contemplated resigning over seniority issues but had been convinced to remain in the service. In September 1778, Congress appointed Lincoln to command the Southern Department replacing Major General Robert Howe. Battle in the South Delayed in Philadelphia by Congress, Lincoln did not arrive at his new headquarters until December 4. As a result, he was unable to prevent the loss of Savannah later that month. Building his forces, Lincoln mounted a counter-offensive in Georgia in the spring of 1779 until a threat to Charleston, SC by Brigadier General Augustine Prevost forced him to fall back to defend the city. That fall, he utilized the new alliance with France to launch an attack against Savannah, GA. Partnering with French ships and troops under Vice-Admiral Comte dEstaing, the two men laid siege to the city on September 16. As the siege dragged on, dEstaing became increasingly concerned about the threat posed to his ships by hurricane season and requested that the allied forces assault the British lines. Reliant on French support for continuing the siege, Lincoln had no choice but to agree. Moving forward, American and French forces attacked on October 8 but were unable to break through the British defenses. Though Lincoln pressed to continue the siege, dEstaing was unwilling to further risk his fleet. On October 18, the siege was abandoned and dEstaing departed the area. With the French departure, Lincoln retreated back to Charleston with his army. Working to strengthen his position at Charleston, he came under attack in March 1780 when a British invasion force led by Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton landed. Forced into the citys defenses, Lincolns men were soon besieged. With his situation rapidly worsening, Lincoln attempted to negotiate with Clinton in late April to evacuate the city. These efforts were rebuffed as were later attempts to negotiate a surrender. On March 12, with part of city burning and under pressure from civic leaders, Lincoln capitulated. Surrendering unconditionally, the Americans were not granted the traditional honors of war by Clinton. The defeat proved one of the worst of the conflict for the Continental Army and remains the US Armys third-largest surrender. Battle of Yorktown Paroled, Lincoln returned to his farm in Hingham to await his formal exchange. Though he requested a court of inquiry for his actions at Charleston, none was ever formed and no charges were brought against him for his conduct. In November 1780, Lincoln was exchanged for Major General William Phillips and Baron Friedrich von Riedesel who had been captured at Saratoga. Returning to duty, he spent the winter of 1780-1781 recruiting in New England before moving south to rejoin Washingtons army outside New York. In August 1781, Lincoln marched south as Washington sought to trap Cornwallis army at Yorktown, VA. Supported by French forces under Lieutenant-General Comte de Rochambeau, the American army arrived at Yorktown on September 28. Leading the armys 2nd Division, Lincolns men took part in the resulting Battle of Yorktown. Besieging the British, the Franco-American army compelled Cornwallis to surrender on October 17. Meeting with Cornwallis at the nearby Moore House, Washington demanded the same harsh conditions that the British had required of Lincoln the year before at Charleston. At noon on October 19, the French and American armies lined up to await the British surrender. Two hours later the British marched out with flags furled and their bands playing The World Turned Upside Down. Claiming he was ill, Cornwallis sent Brigadier General Charles OHara in his stead. Approaching the allied leadership, OHara attempted to surrender to Rochambeau but was told by the Frenchman to approach the Americans. As Cornwallis was not present, Washington directed OHara to surrender to Lincoln, who was now serving as his second-in-command. Later Life and Legacy At the end of October 1781, Lincoln was appointed Secretary of War by Congress. He remained in this post until the formal end of hostilities two years later. Resuming his life in Massachusetts, he began speculating on land in Maine as well as negotiated treaties with the areas Native Americans. In January 1787, Governor James Bowdoin asked Lincoln to lead a privately-funded army to put down Shays Rebellion in the central and western parts of the state. Accepting, he marched through the rebelling areas and put an end to large-scale organized resistance. Later that year, Lincoln ran and won the post of lieutenant governor. Serving one term under Governor John Hancock, he remained active in politics and participated in the Massachusetts convention that ratified the US Constitution. Lincoln later accepted the position of collector for the Port of Boston. Retiring in 1809, he died at Hingham on May 9, 1810, and was buried in the towns cemetery. Sources History of War: Benjamin LincolnPatriot Resource: Benjamin LincolnMassachusetts Historical Society: Benjamin Lincoln

Animal Farm Innocents or Lying for Power - 881 Words

Having read the book â€Å"Animal Farm† I thought it was a good book with a lot of similarities that I could tie it in with reality. I also thought the author explained behavior very nicely. During this book lots of things happen that are much like reality, like tyrants, fake power, and lots of lying. To start off I will tell you about the main characters, and second what they will accomplish during their time in animal farm. I will also discuss what they want whether theyre innocent or they lie to be in power. This book is about many characters mostly animals. There are six main characters, these being first Old Major; an old pig that has won many contests and is favored by Jones. Second is Jones, the man who ran Manor Farm before the†¦show more content†¦Then theres Jones the previous owner of the farm that was like any other farmer and just wanted to make a profit. But sadly last is the animals like Boxer who just want to live their lives wanting freedom and justice. In general the main group of animals want to build the windmill and work little too not at all. The pigs on the other hand want to take over the farm. There are a few thing that keep the animals from getting what they want. The things that keep the animals from getting freedom is mainly Napoleon and the pigs. An example of this is the pigs keep changing the commandment and ruling over the animals . They do this by taking on human attributes like walking and drinking whisky. Another thing that keeps the animals from this is the humans, the humans are constantly trying to take over the farm. How do the animals get what they want? First I will start with the pigs, the pigs get what they want towards the beginning of the book when they first drive off Jones. After they drove him away they almost immediately take command of the situation by telling the other animals what to do. It gets worse when Napoleon takes over because he has more of a temper and always gets his way. On the bright side the normal animals eventually get their freedom at the start of the rebellion when they first chase out Jones, but this freedom is later abolished when there start to be executions and when the pigs start to act more like humans. The animalsShow MoreRelatedAnimal Farm By George Orwell944 Words   |  4 PagesIt was a pig walking on his hind legs(Orwell 132). He carried a whip in his trotter(Orwell 133). In the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell, animals have the ability to talk and form their own ethos, Animalism. Animal Farm is an intriguing allegory by George Orwell, who is also the author of 1984, includes many enjoyable elements. More knowledge of the author, his use of allegorical elements, themes, symbols, and the significance in the real world, allows the reader to get more out of this glanceRead MoreExamples Of Conflict In Animal Farm1319 Words   |  6 Pagestechniques and compelling concepts to teach individuals powerful messages about conflict. The novella Animal Farm by George Orwell allegorically refers to the conflict of the Russian Revolution and demonstrates that the desire for power corrupts the human condition, leading to the deterioration of society. It also exhibits that the abuse of la nguage is instrumental in manipulating the ignorant to gain power. Edward Zwick’s movie Glory provides an insight into the story behind a group of persecuted African-AmericanRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell1460 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis of Animal Farm A quote from Wayne Dyer, a late American author and motivational speaker, says that â€Å"[f]reedom means you are unobstructed in living your life as you choose. Anything less is a form of slavery.† This promotes the idea that ultimate freedom to control one’s life is the only way to live. One way to achieve this freedom, if not given, is to stage a revolution against authority. In Animal Farm, a novel by George Orwell, parallels are drawn between his characters and theRead MoreWas Stalin an Ethical Leader.1454 Words   |  6 PagesBefore Hitler gained control over Germany in the 1930s, another European dictator had already come to power in Russia. Commonly known as Josef Stalin, a name that translates to mean the man of steel. Stalin, along with Hitler, was one of the most brutal men in recorded history. In relation to the criteria on ethical leadership constructed by Lino and myself, we believe that Stalin was a very unethical leader. According to his actions, it is clear, that Stalin failed in all aspects of our criteriaRead MoreAnimal Farm - Historical Relevance2264 Words   |  10 PagesTherefore, Orwell wrote two greatest anti-Communist novels that solidified his place as an advocate of freedom and a committed opponent of Communist oppression. His loathing criticism is best portrayed and evident in his satirical and allegoric fable Animal Farm. Written between 1943 and 1944, it served as an enlightening call to freedom and fairness around the world with the Russian revolution serving as the perfect backdrop and storyline to convey his powerful message. br brIn February 1917, CzarRead More Guernicas History Essay1081 Words   |  5 PagesGuernicas History The word art is an encompassing one, vastly interpreted and with multiple definitions. In the case of Picassos painting Guernica, art informs, educates and expresses. Its power lies in its ability to capture and compel an audience nearly six decades after the modern worlds other day of infamy. To understand fully the painting that evolved out of the Spanish painters outrage, one must know its context. Why do you think I date everything I do? Because it is not sufficientRead MoreSociological Imagination : Sociology Imagination4152 Words   |  17 Pagesan issue never really gets solved over night, it usually takes months, up to years, to resolve an issue. This is because an issue is an ongoing problem that is getting out of hand, threatening the lives of others, causing distress, and involving innocent civilians. 9. Lawson and Leck: â€Å"Hooking Up on the Internet† A) Lawson and Lack’s used many different methods in their research. They used survey, participant observations, secondary analysis, and experiments. During the beginning of the researchRead MoreStory about a Boy and a Dumpster3623 Words   |  15 PagesWhere? You, liars, shouted Mr. Gypsclomo dressed in a white cloth leaving his hairy chest bare. His look was really intimidating and the children felt it. At grandmother Magodes place, said the tallest boy, she swept them away, we are not lying. Good, give them all to me said Mr. Gypsclomo as his eyes became red making the boys run away. Dadster Posh also swept the house at when he woke up early. He collected the dirt and threw it into the dustbin. Two days have passed that he hasRead MoreI Know Why the Caged Bird Sings - Maya Angelou6502 Words   |  27 PagesAfter the Civil War and after they had been promised land and animals with which to farm, blacks in the South entered into a period of American history nearly as discriminatory and violent as the period of slavery. The post-Reconstruction era, known as the Jim Crow era, witnessed the systematic destruction of the black farmer in the South at the hands of resentful whites who sought to undermine the black entitlement to property, animals, financial support, or even wages. The Jim Crow era also broughtRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pagesof reason history is an act of individual and national self-assertion Genre/Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · political pamphlets travel writing highly ornate writing style fiction employs generic plots and characters fiction often tells the story of how an innocent young woman is tested by a seductive male Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · patriotism grows instills pride creates common agreement about issues shows differences between Americans and Europeans Historical Context: ï‚ · ï‚ · tells readers how to interpret

Pilot Whale Facts Traits, Life Cycle, Habitat

Despite their name, pilot whales are not whales at all—they are large dolphins. The common name pilot whale comes from an early belief that a pod of whales was led by a pilot or leader. Found in oceans worldwide, the two species are the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) and short-finned pilot whale (G. macrorhynchus). Pilot whales and killer whales are collectively known as blackfish, even though they arent fish (theyre mammals) and they arent necessarily black. Fast Facts: Pilot Whale Scientific Name: Globicephala melas (long-finned pilot whale); G. macrorhynchus (short-finned pilot whale).Other Name: BlackfishDistinguishing Features: Large dark-colored dolphin with lighter chin patch and back-sweeping dorsal finAverage Size: 5.5 to 6.5 m (female); 6.5 to 7.5 m (male)Diet: Carnivorous, feeding mainly on squidLife Span: 60 years (female); 45 years (male)Habitat: Oceans worldwideConservation Status: Least ConcernKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: MammaliaOrder: ArtiodactylaInfraorder: CetaceaFamily: DelphinidaeFun Fact: Short-finned pilot whales are among the few mammalian species that go through menopause. Description The common names of the two species refer to the relative length of the pectoral fin compared to body length. However, for all practical purposes the two species appear so similar its hard to tell them apart without examining their skulls. A pilot whale is dark brown, gray, or black with a pale marking behind the eye, belly patch, genital patch, and anchor-shaped chin patch. The whales dorsal fin curves backwards. The scientific name refers to the whales bulbous melon on its head. No these arent sharks! Pilot whale dorsal fins curve backwards. Fuse, Getty Images On average, long-finned pilot whales tend to be larger than short-finned pilot whales. In both species, males are larger than females. Adult long-finned pilot whale females reach 6.5 m in length, while males may be 7.5 m long. Their mass averages 1,300 kg for females and 2,300 kg for males. Short-finned pilot whale females reach a length of 5.5 m, while males may be 7.2 m in length. Although smaller than long-finned whales on average, a large short-finned pilot whale male may weigh up to 3,200 kg. Distribution Pilot whales live in oceans worldwide. There is some overlap in the ranges of the two species in temperate seas, but long-finned pilot whales generally prefer cooler water than short-finned pilot whales. Usually, the whales live along coastlines, favoring the continental shelf break and slope. Most pilot whales are nomadic, but groups live permanently off the coasts of Hawaii and California. Pilot whale range: short-finned pilot whale in blue and long-finned pilot whale in green. Pengo Diet and Predators Pilot whales are carnivores that prey primarily on squid. They also eat octopuses and several species of fish, including Atlantic cod, blue whiting, herring, and mackerel. They have an unusually high metabolism for deep-diving hunters. Pilot whales sprint to their prey, which may help them conserve oxygen, as they dont have to spend as much time underwater. A typical feeding dive lasts about 10 minutes. The species may be preyed upon by large sharks, but humans are the principal predator. Pilot whales may be infested with whale lice, nematodes, and cestodes, plus they are susceptible to many of the same bacterial and viral infections as other mammals. Reproduction and Life Cycle There are between 10 and 100 pilot whales in a pilot whale pod, although they form larger groups during the mating season. Pilot whales establish stable family groups in which offspring remain with their mothers pod. Short-finned pilot whale females reach sexual maturity at 9 years of age, while males reach maturity between 13 and 16 years. Long-finned females become mature around 8 years of age, while males mature around 12 years old. Males visit another pod for mating, which usually occurs in spring or summer. Pilot whales only calve once every three to five years. Gestation last a year to 16 months for long-finned pilot whales and 15 months for short-finned pilot whales. Female long-finned pilot whales go through menopause. Although they stop calving after 30 years of age, they lactate until about age 50. For both species, the lifespan is around 45 years for males and 60 years for females. Stranding Pilot whales frequently strand themselves on beaches. It is believed most individual stranders are diseased, but the exact reasons for this behavior are not well understood. There are two popular explanations for mass strandings. One is that the whales echolocation gives erroneous readings in the sloping waters they frequent, so they accidentally strand themselves. The other reason might be that the highly social whales follow a stranded pod mate and become trapped. In some cases, stranded whales have been rescued by taking pod mates out to sea, where their distress calls lure the stranded whales back to safety. Conservation Status The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species classifies both G. macrorhynchus and G. melas as least concern. Because of the extensive distribution of pilot whales, its difficult to estimate their numbers and whether the population is stable. Both species face similar threats. Hunting of the short-finned pilot whale off Japan and the long-finned pilot whale off the Faroe Islands and Greenland may have reduced pilot whale abundance because of the cetaceans slow reproductive rate. Large-scale strandings impact populations of both species. Pilot whales sometimes die as bycatch. They are susceptible to loud sounds generated by human activity and accumulation of organic toxins and heavy metals. Global climate change may affect pilot whales, but the impact cannot be predicted at this time. Sources Donovan, G. P., Lockyer, C. H., Martin, A. R., (1993) Biology of Northern Hemisphere Pilot Whales,  International Whaling Commission  Special Issue 14.Foote, A. D. (2008). Mortality rate acceleration and post-reproductive lifespan in matrilineal whale species. Biol. Lett. 4 (2): 189–91. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0006Olson, P.A. (2008) Pilot whale Globicephala melas and G. muerorhynchus pp. 847–52 in Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, Perrin, W. F., Wursig, B., and Thewissen, J. G. M. (eds.), Academic Press; 2nd edition, ISBN 0-12-551340-2.Simmonds, MP; Johnston, PA; French, MC; Reeve, R; Hutchinson, JD (1994). Organochlorines and mercury in pilot whale blubber consumed by Faroe islanders. The Science of the Total Environment. 149 (1–2): 97–111. doi:10.1016/0048-9697(94)90008-6Traill T. S. (1809). Description of a new species of whale,  Delphinus melas. In a letter from Thomas Stewart Traill, M.D. to Mr. Nicholson.  Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry , and the Arts.  1809: 81–83.

Essay about operation management HW1 - 1244 Words

1. A manufacturers average work-in-process inventory for a certain part is 1,000 units. The workstation produces this part at the rate of 200 units per day. What is the average time a unit spends at this workstation? 2. The Wilcox Student Health Center has just implemented a new computer system and service process to \improve e ±ciency. As pharmacy manager, you are con- cerned about waiting time and its potential impact on college students who \get no respect. All prescriptions (Rxs) go through the following process: Drop-o ® ! Fill Rx ! Pick-up ! Cashier Assume that students arrive to drop-o ® Rxs at a steady rate of 2 Rxs per minute, with an average of one Rx per student. The average number of students in process (those who†¦show more content†¦All data conform to planners expectations except for one set { the classi ¯cations made by the nurse practitioner. Assume that the triage nurse has been sending 91% of all patients to the Simple Prescriptions area when in fact only 90% should have been so classi ¯ed. The remaining 1% are discovered when transferred to the emergency area by a doctor. Assume all other information from Problem 6 is valid. On average, how long does a patient stay in the ER? On average, how long does a Potential Admit stay in the ER? On average, how many patients are in the ER? Answer to Q1: We know that throughput R=200 units/day, and inventory I=1,000 units. Thus, flow time T=I/R=1000/200=5 days. So the average time a unit spends at this workstation is 5 days. Answer to Q2: a) R=2/min R I T Drop off 2/min 5 2.5 min Fill Rx 2/min 40 20 min Pick up 2/min 3 1.5 min Cashier 2/min 6 3 min b) Based on the chart above, we could calculate: T(stay to pick up)= 2.5+20+1.5+3=27 minutes So the average time in the pharmacy for those students who stay to pick-up their Rxs is 27 minutes. c) For the students back to pick up in 3 hours: T (back in 3 hours)=2.5+1.5+3=7 minutes So the average time in the pharmacy for those students who pick-up 3 hours later is 7 minutes. d) Average T= 0.05*27+0.95*7=8 minutes So the average time that a student spends in the pharmacy is 8 minutes. Answer to Q3:Show MoreRelatedSP15 SCM 305 Syllabus1256 Words   |  6 Pagesprobability, statistics, economics, operations research, and operations management. We will apply these tools and principles to problems in financial management, marketing, operations, supply chain management, and quality management. We will also look at risk management in decision making and ethics in decision making. Required Class Materials: 1. Text Book – Schaum’s Outline; Operations Management – Decision Making in Business 2. Decision Making in Operations Management, Walden, 2014 3. Class lectureRead MoreImportant Technologies Of Dsp And Reason Behind Its Importance1030 Words   |  5 PagesNijo John HW1 â€Å"Important Technologies in DSP and reason behind its importance† Digital signal processing (DSP) is the numerical manipulation of signals, usually with the intention to measure, filter, produce or compress continuous analog signals. It is characterized by the use of digital signals to represent these signals as discrete time, discrete frequency, or other discrete domain signals in the form of a sequence of numbers or symbols to permit the digital processing of these signals. In thisRead MoreImportant Technologies Of Dsp And Reason Behind Its Importance962 Words   |  4 PagesHW1 â€Å"Important Technologies in DSP and reason behind its importance† Nowadays, digital data is everywhere. In this digital Era, Signal processing plays an important role in making the life easy. The important theorems and technologies in Signal Processing are 1. Image Processing 2. Biomedical Signal Processing 3. Fourier Transform 4. Convolution 5. Sampling Theorem 1. Image Processing Image processing is often viewed as arbitrarily manipulating an image to achieve an aesthetic standard or to

Describe an Experience That Influenced Your Career Choice Free Essays

Having grown up in a country where the prevalence of the shadow economy is on par with the continual political problems due to the mismanagement by autocrats. Public administration has surrounded me for as long as I can remember. On graduating ,i went to possess insight into many issues such as the way people and businesses react to the development and management of government programs by public administrators. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe an Experience That Influenced Your Career Choice or any similar topic only for you Order Now I had some practical experience working at a hospital in Nigeria with sometime spent in the accounting department, this enabled me gain a practical experience of how the laws/duties/decisions made by public administrators affects people/individuals in real life situations such as explaining why people in less developed countries are prepared to pay for healthcare with private hospitals rather than using the national institutions which usually have worse service and deplorable equipments mainly due to mismanagement, wrong fiscal policies and corruption. The issues of customer satisfaction and equity were studied first hand and when comparing with the UK system, one would only praise the NHS(National Health Service) for its equitable approach unlike many other countries were only those than can afford treatment get it. During my university years, I was a part of the committee through whom student members voiced their opinion in reviving the Osun State Student Association at Bowen university ,which had lost his finesse. I was appointed the Financial Secretary and was indeed a challenge, as we had to work hard as a team creating and implementing programs and reforms, managing and allocating our own time and finances to ensure success, I was also part of the team that assisted the students to get there bursary from the State Government, and trust me it wasn’t easy in the sense that we had to keep writing letters and going out of our way to ensure the students get paid because its part of their civil right. During my National Youth Service Corps(NYSC) as a member of the Sports Community Development Group. Having acquired the silver award after the torment of hiking over double figure mileage distances to raise funds for the homeless children in Enugu State of Nigeria, it has enabled me to be more organized and helped me develop my ability to make quick, accurate and appropriate decisions in peril. Currently I am an accountant and a Guardian counselor in a primary and nursery school in Nigeria which goes by the name Macro Nursery and Primary school, I assist the younger generations in making right,responsibe,reputable and reasonable decisions in life. Leadership is also an important quality at succeeding in most areas, hence my appointment as one of the prefects in my secondary school has definitely helped me develop as a young adult. These duties are very rewarding and will be vital skills in preparing for life after public administration, studying this course in your university will enable me further my interest in economic issues as well as fulfilling my life time ambition. How to cite Describe an Experience That Influenced Your Career Choice, Papers

Jones electrical free essay sample

After several years of rapid growth, in the spring of 2007 Jones Electrical Distribution anticipated a further substantial increase in sales. Despite good profits, the company had experienced a shortage of cash and had found it necessary to increase its borrowing from Metropolitan Bank—a local onebranch bank—to $250,000 in 2006. The maximum loan that Metropolitan would make to any one borrower was $250,000, and Jones had been able to stay within the limit only by relying very heavily on trade credit from the manufacturers from whom Jones purchased the electrical products it sold to its customers. Nelson Jones, sole owner and president of the company, was therefore looking elsewhere for a new banking relationship that would allow him to negotiate a larger loan. Jim Lyons, a homebuilder who was a friend of Jones, introduced Jones to Rachel Montrose, Lyons’s relationship officer at the local branch of Southern Bank Trust—a large, regional bank. We will write a custom essay sample on Jones electrical or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Southern had a 7-year relationship with Lyons, including a current loan balance of over $3 million. Jones and Montrose tentatively discussed the possibility that Southern might extend a line of credit to Jones up to a maximum amount of $350,000. Jones thought that a loan of this size would more than meet his needs for at least the next year, and he was eager for the flexibility that a line of credit of this size would provide. After discussion, Montrose had arranged for the credit department of Southern Bank Trust to investigate Nelson Jones and his company. Background of Jones Electrical Distribution Jones Electrical Distribution was founded in 1999 as a partnership between Nelson Jones and his college roommate, Dave Verden. In 2003, Jones and Verden had a disagreement on how aggressively they should grow the business, and Jones ultimately bought Verden out for $250,000. They agreed that Jones would pay Verden the $250,000 in installments of $2,000 per month plus interest of 8% per year. The business sold electrical components and tools to general contractors and electricians. The products, which included items such as controllers, breakers, signal devices and fuses, were purchased from nearly 100 different suppliers. Jones’s customers used the products. Piper and writer Jeffrey DeVolder prepared this case solely as a basis for class discussion and not as an endorsement, a source of primary data, or an illustration of effective or ineffective management. The authors thank John A. Schweig of W. W. Grainger, Inc. (HBS MBA 1983), and Mary A. Noonan of Arrow Electronics (HBS MBA 1990), for their valuable contributions to the development of this case. This case, though based on real events, is fictionalized, and any resemblance to actual persons or entities is coincidental. There are occasional references to actual companies in the narration. Copyright  © 2010 Harvard Business School Publishing. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard Business Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http://www. hbsp. harvard. edu. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of Harvard Business Publishing. Harvard Business Publishing is an affiliate of Harvard Business School. This document is authorized for use by Alexander Byun, from 1/9/2014 to 4/28/2014, in the course: FI 4020: Li Financial Analysis and Introduction to Loan Structuring (Spring 2014) WED, Georgia State University. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of this document is strictly prohibited. 4179 | Jones Electrical Distribution construction and repair of commercial and residential buildings. To a degree, Jones’s sales followed the seasonality of its customers’ businesses which had their highest activity during the spring and summer when weather was most conducive for construction work. The market in which Jones competed was large, fragmented, and highly competitive. Jones faced significant competition from national distributors, home centers, and other small supply houses. In spite of the competition, Jones had built up sales volume by successfully competing on price and employing an aggressive direct sales force who often visited customers at their job sites. In order to compete on price, Jones maintained tight control over operating expenses, including paying his salesforce primarily on commission and keeping overhead to a minimum. In addition, as part of his expense management effort, Jones had historically paid his suppliers within 10 days of the invoice date in order to take full advantage of the 2% discounts they offered for quick payments. Jones had also proved adept at demand forecasting and inventory management, allowing him to satisfy his customers’ demand with a modest amount of inventory relative to his larger competitors. Jones’s focus and dedication to his business allowed him to build it into a profitable operation. Jones Electrical Distribution had grown to $2.24 million in sales and $30,000 of net income in 2006. Operating statements for years 2004-2006 and for the three months ending March 31, 2007, are given in Exhibit 1. Financing the Business Through Southern Bank Trust To solve his financing need, Jones wanted to develop a relationship with a larger bank that would not run into issues with maximum loans to a single borrower as he had experienced with Metropolitan Bank. He wanted to build a relationship with a bank that could grow with him, including to more locations if he decided to add additional sites in the future. As part of its customary due diligence of Jones Electrical Distribution, the Southern Bank Trust’s credit department asked Jones’s friend Jim Lyons for a reference on Jones. Lyons’s reference included the following comments: â€Å"Nelson is a businessman of the highest integrity and sharp acumen who is a very hands-on manager of his operation. He has excellent knowledge of the products he sells and provides customers with excellent service. He also lives a modest lifestyle. † The bank also toured Jones Electrical Distribution’s warehouse and office and interviewed the area sales managers for three of the manufacturers from whom Jones bought the products he sold. The managers were unanimous in their favorable opinion of Jones. One of them said: â€Å"Nelson has been one of our best performing wholesalers. He really knows how to build relationships and close a sale. He has also been great with his expense management. The guy does not spend a dime unless he absolutely has to. We look forward to building a bigger relationship with him in the future. † In addition to the electrical distribution business, which was Jones’s only source of income, Jones held jointly with his wife an equity in their home. The house had cost $199,000 to build in 1999 and was mortgaged for $117,000. He also held a $250,000 life insurance policy, payable to his wife. Otherwise, they had no sizeable personal investments. Southern Bank Trust gave particular attention to the debt position and current ratio of the business. It noted the ready market for the company’s products at all times and the fact that sales prospects were favorable. The bank’s investigator reported: â€Å"Sales are expected to reach $2. 7 million by the end of 2007. † On the other hand, it was recognized that a general economic downturn might slow down the rate of increase in sales. Projections beyond 2007 were difficult to make, but the 2 BRIEFCASES | HARVARD BUSINESS PUBLISHING This document is authorized for use by Alexander Byun, from 1/9/2014 to 4/28/2014, in the course: FI 4020: Li Financial Analysis and Introduction to Loan Structuring (Spring 2014) WED, Georgia State University. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of this document is strictly prohibited. Jones Electrical Distribution | 4179 prospects appeared good for continued growth in the volume of Jones Electrical Distribution’s business over the foreseeable future. The bank also noted the rapid increase in Jones Electrical’s accounts payable and line of credit in the recent past. Jones Electrical’s main suppliers had terms of 30 days net and provided a 2% discount for payments made within 10 days of invoice date. These terms notwithstanding, the manufacturers did not object if payments lagged somewhat behind the due date. During the past six months, Jones had taken very few purchase discounts because of the shortage of funds arising from the additional investments in working capital associated with the company’s increased sales volume. Balance sheets at December 31, 2004-2006, and March 31, 2007, are presented in Exhibit 2. The tentative discussions between Rachel Montrose and Nelson Jones had been about a revolving, secured line of credit not to exceed $350,000. The specific details of the loan had not been worked out, but Montrose had explained the agreement would involve the standard covenants applying to such a loan. She cited as illustrative provisions the requirement that restrictions on additional borrowing would be imposed, that additional investments in fixed assets could be made only with prior approval of the bank, and that limitations would be placed on withdrawals of funds from the business by Jones. She also indicated that while the line of credit would have a limit of $350,000, Jones’s utilization of the line at any point in time would be limited to an amount equal to 75% of Accounts Receivable and 50% of Inventory. Interest would be set on a floating-rate basis at 1.5% percentage points above the prime rate (the rate paid by the bank’s most creditworthy customers). Montrose indicated that the initial rate to be paid would be about 7. 5% under conditions in effect in early 2007. Jones also understood that he would be required to sever his relationship with Metropolitan Bank if he entered into a loan agreement with Southern Bank Trust. The Future of Jones Electrical Distribution As he contemplated his next meeting with Montrose, Jones’s thoughts were dominated by the immediate need for more bank credit. However, he knew that the increasingly tense relationships with his suppliers and the seemingly unending need for more financing meant that he needed to be more deliberate about his future growth plans. To get started, he grabbed a blank piece of paper from his office printer and sketched out the options before him. He started with the pace of sales growth followed by his taking the 2% discounts—or not—which led into the financing implications of each alternative. See Exhibit 3 for the diagram of the alternatives as Jones saw them. Jones promised himself that he would not only close the new bank deal but he would then determine the right long-term growth path for the company he worked so hard to grow over the past seven years. HARVARD BUSINESS PUBLISHING | BRIEFCASES This document is authorized for use by Alexander Byun, from 1/9/2014 to 4/28/2014, in the course: FI 4020: Li Financial Analysis and Introduction to Loan Structuring (Spring 2014) WED, Georgia State University. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of this document is strictly prohibited.